On December 28, 2021, the American Treasury Department released final regulations (TD 9959, Final Regulations) regarding foreign tax credit (FTC) to be offset in the USA. In a nutshell, according to the referred legislation, in order to be offset, the tax paid abroad must be reasonably similar to US tax rules.
Brazilian tax legislation does not hold the principles that would allow Brazilian FTC in the US under TD 9959. Brazil levies withholding taxes (WHT) at the payment source, unlike the production source required by the new US legislation. Additionally, Brazilian transfer pricing (TP) rules are not currently under Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines, i.e., the arm’s length principle (ALP) is not strictly observed.
In this sense, if there is a WHT burden on a remittance from Brazil to the US, the WHT offset would not be allowed for the American taxpayer. Also, considering the scenario of a Brazilian company as a subsidiary of an American entity, there would be no FTC regarding Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI) legislation – American Controlled Foreign Companies (CFC) rules.
Nevertheless, Brazil has initiated its accession process for OECD membership. A Roadmap was published by the Organization on June 10, 2022, which says that OECD Committees will evaluate Brazilian legislation and propose alterations to enable Brazil’s accession. The Federal Decree #11.105 was published in Brazil on June 27, 2022, determining the domestic groups that will develop the analysis along with OECD Committees.
Brazilian Federal Revenue (RFB) already initiated the studies about the legislative changes that are needed regarding TP: a new approach under OECD guidelines was presented by the RFB, which affirmed that the respective bill will be available soon in order to start the legislative process. A seminar hosted by RFB and IDB (Inter-American Development Bank) occurred on June 29, 2022, demonstrating the updates on the convergence towards OECD standards. The private sector was invited to present its inputs and multiple countries’ representatives shared their experience with OECD guidelines so that Brazilian tax authorities could be prepared regarding its system.
In addition, international commerce organizations have been discussing the TD 9959 with the Brazilian Economy Ministry, pointing out that there will be a double taxation between Brazil and the US. At a recent meeting, it was proposed that Brazil should request US Treasury an extension of two (2) years for starting the application of the new rules, so that Brazil would have time to accommodate US requirements on its legislation. The new approach for TP and the negotiation of a Double Tax Treaty (DTT) were also discussed, focusing on having the TP bill as soon as possible and then initiating the DTT discussions.
At the seminar which took place on June 29, however, the USA representative said that the Final Regulations will need to be applied by the end of 2022 and that the observance of the ALP in Brazil is a condition to start the discussions for the DTT.
We emphasize, though, that there is no need to have a DTT in order to have FTC in the USA: if the TD 9959 requirements are met, the credit is allowed. Additionally, before the Final Regulations, it was possible to offset Brazilian FTC in the US.
Taxpayers should, therefore, observe the next steps in Brazil’s convergence towards OECD guidelines, especially regarding the possibility of American entities offsetting Brazilian FTC.